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This course is designed to enable students acquire the necessary communication skills, know the techniques of correspondence and comprehend written materials.

On completion of this course the student should:

1.0 Understand the concept of communciation.

2.0 Know how to make oral presentation.

3.0 Know the essential elements of correspondence.

4.0 Know the rules of comprehension and interpretation.

5.0 Understand the principles of creative writing.

Goal(s):

This course is designed to provide the student with the necessary language skills which will enable him to cope effectively with the challenges of his course, to use English language effectively in the practice of his chosen profession as well as interact with others in the society.

Objectives:

1.0 Develop appropriate study skills.

2.0 Know the nature of language.

3.0 Understand the basic rules of grammar.

4.0 Know the essential qualities of paragraphs.

5.0 Appreciate literary works.

Learn the fundamentals of web development, from HTML, CSS, and JavaScript to advanced front-end and back-end frameworks. This course covers responsive design, database integration, API development, and deployment techniques, equipping you with the skills to build dynamic and interactive websites. Perfect for beginners and aspiring full-stack developers!

  1. Understand rotational motion of rigid bodies.
  2. Understand periodic motion.
  3. Understand the behaviour of fluids in motion.
  4. Understand how to use veinner calipher and micrometer screw guage
  5. To know the determination of a bifilar suspension.

The study of semiconductor materials and their uses

Public sector accounting and finance involves the recording, analysis, and reporting of financial transactions within government entities and public institutions to ensure accountability and transparency in the use of public funds.

At the end of this course, Learners are expected to know and understand the following:

(a) Enumerate the objectives of public sector accounting;
(b) Identify the various users of public sector accounting information; and
(c) Demonstrate a good grasp of the constitutional and regulatory frameworks as well as, the concepts, principles and bases of public sector accounting

The objectives of this course are as follows:

  1. To know how publications are produced
  2. To know how to gather news item
  3. To know printing techniques
  4. To examine the impacts of ICT on publication production procedure

Social philosophy as a branch of philosophy deals with social problems, especially those issues pertaining to social values. A social philosophy is the need of the day to tackle many problems which faces the society such as inequality, injustice, oppression etc. Social philosophy is touched by social life implying social relations, family, marriage institutions, and other new trends, ideals, values, thinking and living pattern.

Social philosophy has a scientific value as it investigates the social nature of man in his universalistic dimensions, not restricting only to the social structural dimensions. It sees society as a unit of order and relationships among human persons. It upholds that human development as a person is possible only in unison with other fellow human. 

COURSE OBJECTIVE:

To enable students to understand the basic elements of social philosophy. To know the nature of man, his place in the society and his capacity at specialization. The students should also know the philosophical  basis of education in the Nigerian society and to understand the philosophy behind the concepts of justice and equity.

This course is the foundation of Computer Science. The two major divisions of computer system (hardware and software) will be discussed. The history of compter system and the generations will be thought extensively. 

This course introduces fundamental economic principles, covering microeconomics and macroeconomics. Key topics include supply and demand, market structures, national income, inflation, unemployment, fiscal and monetary policies, and international trade. The course equips learners with analytical skills for understanding economic issues and decision-making.

Physical chemistry as the branch of chemistry which deals with the study of principles, calculations and theories governing the chemical reactions 

A maintenance and repair course typically covers preventive and corrective maintenance strategies, focusing on identifying and addressing issues to ensure equipment operate effectively and safely, while extending their lifespan. 

The course is a laboratory-based course in introductory optics. It is a required course for ND Science Laboratory Technology students. The topics include reflection, refraction, total internal reflection, diffraction, interference, and polarization of light. Some basic applications of geometric optics are also presented, such as building a simple telescope and measuring trans mission in optical fibers. Lastly, all students are required to develop an independent project in optics which they propose, develop and carry out during a semester.

Introduction to Geology provides a fundamental understanding of Earth's materials, structures, and dynamic processes. It covers the formation and classification of minerals and rocks, the Earth’s internal structure, and geological forces shaping the planet.

Key topics include Earth’s layers (crust, mantle, core), the rock cycle, and geological processes such as weathering, erosion, plate tectonics, earthquakes, and volcanic activity. The study of geological time involves fossils and dating methods, while structural geology examines folds, faults, and geological mapping.

The Course is based on the new NBTE curriculum for Mobile Application Development. It introduces the reader to the basic concepts and features of mobile application, User Interface, requirements for mockup application, navigational flow and gestures, feedback and review analysis with setting up android development environment and practical guide to Android Applications Development. 

 

The aim of URP 219, focusing on sustainable human settlements, is to advance sustainable urbanization as a driver of development and peace, improving living conditions for all, especially the most vulnerable, and ensuring inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable cities and human settlements. 

Students will be able to understand the different theories behind various concepts in entrepreneurship education and have the ability to apply them to real life business situations

This course aims at inducing learners to apply their theoretical knowledge to solve practical industry related problems.

On completion of this course, learners should be able to:
1.0  Practice the collection and collation of experimental data.
2.0  Perform logical presentation of these data.
3.0  Understand their project defense requirements.

This course provides an introduction to fundamental economic principles and how they shape decision-making at individual, business, and government levels. Students will explore key concepts such as scarcity, opportunity cost, supply and demand, market structures, and the role of government in the economy. The course emphasizes real-world applications and critical thinking to understand economic challenges and policies. By the end of the course, students will be able to analyze economic issues, make informed decisions, and apply economic reasoning to everyday life and professional contexts.

Learning Outcomes:
By the end of this course, students will be able to:

  • Understand basic economic concepts and their real-world applications.
  • Analyze the impact of supply and demand on markets.
  • Evaluate the role of government in economic regulation and policy.
  • Apply economic reasoning to decision-making in personal and professional settings.
  • Identify factors influencing national and global economic trends.

Communication bears effect and creates impact on every sphere of life, or human activity. it dictates every man's action or inaction as it is determined by the necessity of man to relate with his fellow man. it is a tool for social interaction as though it, one is able to function and interact in a group and also predict other people's reaction to circumstances. In organizations, institutions and firms, communication is the conclusive force that binds the attention of workers on the target goals and objectives.

Welcome to this introduction to calculus! Designed for students beginning their journey in higher education, this course provides a clear and accessible foundation in the principles of calculus. From limits and derivatives to integrals, each concept is explained with simplicity and supported by examples, exercises, and real-world applications.

Calculus is the mathematics of change, and mastering it opens doors to understanding and solving problems in science, engineering, economics, and beyond. This course aims to make your first steps in calculus intuitive and engaging, helping you build both confidence and competence.

To students: approach each topic with curiosity and persistence. To instructors: use this text as a flexible tool to inspire and guide your students. Together, let’s explore the power and beauty of calculus.

WEEKLY ACTIVITIES

WEEK ONE

Limit of a function

WEEK TWO

Differentiation From first Principles

WEEK THREE AND FOUR

Techniques of Differentiation

WEEK FIVE

Application of Differentiation

WEEK SIX AND SEVEN

Techniques of Integration

WEEK EIGHT AND NINE

Application of Integration

WEEK 10 

Numerical Integration.

WEEK ELEVEN

Revision.

Introduction to News Writing and Reporting

Course Summary, Weekly Schedule (16 Weeks), and Course Outline


Course Summary

This course introduces students to the fundamental principles of news writing and reporting. It covers the basics of journalism, including news gathering, writing styles, journalistic ethics, news structure, and different types of reporting. Emphasis is placed on accuracy, objectivity, fairness, and clarity in writing. Students will engage in practical exercises to develop their news writing and reporting skills.

Course Objectives:
By the end of the course, students should be able to:

  1. Define news and understand the elements of a news story.
  2. Identify sources of news and conduct interviews effectively.
  3. Write clear, concise, and accurate news reports.
  4. Understand the structure of news stories, including headlines, leads, and body paragraphs.
  5. Apply journalistic ethics in news writing and reporting.
  6. Differentiate between various types of news reporting, such as political, crime, and investigative reporting.
  7. Utilize research and fact-checking skills in reporting.

Weekly Schedule (16 Weeks)


Course Outline

Module 1: Fundamentals of News Writing

  • Introduction to Journalism and News Writing
  • Characteristics and Functions of News
  • News Values and Elements
  • News Sources and Verification

Module 2: Writing the News Story

  • The Lead and Types of News Leads
  • News Structure and Writing Styles
  • The Inverted Pyramid vs. Narrative Writing
  • Techniques for Clarity and Accuracy in News Writing

Module 3: Reporting and Interviewing

  • News Gathering and Research Methods
  • Conducting Interviews for News Stories
  • Attribution and Fact-Checking in Reporting
  • Writing Quotes and Paraphrasing

Module 4: Specialized Reporting

  • Crime and Court Reporting
  • Political and Government Reporting
  • Business and Financial Reporting
  • Investigative Journalism and Data Journalism

Module 5: Ethics, Laws, and Digital Journalism

  • Ethical Considerations in News Writing
  • Media Laws and Regulations in Nigeria
  • Reporting in Conflict and Disaster Situations
  • Online Journalism and Social Media Reporting

Assessment Methods:

  • Weekly news writing exercises
  • Practical assignments (interview-based reports, investigative stories)
  • Class discussions and peer reviews
  • Mid-term and final written examinations
  • Practical newsroom simulations

This structured course ensures that students develop essential skills for professional journalism. Let me know if you need modifications!

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Department/Programme: NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN MASS COMMUNICATION

Course Code: MAC 125C

Contact Hours/Credit Unit: 3

Subject/Course: INTERMEDIATE NEWS WRITING AND REPORTING

DURATION: 3 HOURS/WEEK

SCHEDULE: 2ND SEMESTER

0.0 Course Information

Year: ND I

Semester: 2nd

Pre-requisite: -

Practical: 1 hour/week

GOAL: This is a continuation of MAC 115 – Introduction to reporting and news writing. The course is designed to further expose the student to the general areas of news reporting and the method of dealing with the different news areas.

On completion of this course, the student should:

1.0 Know how to handle different types of news events

2.0 Know the potential limitations of reporting

3.0 Appreciate the qualities of a good news report

4.0 Understand the role of research in reporting

5.0 Understand News Stories

6.0 Know how to write specialized News

7.0 Know how to write the specified type

Course: INTERMEDIATE NEWS WRITING AND REPORTING

Course Code: MAC 125

Contact Hours/Credit Unit: 3/3

Course Specification

Year: ND 2

Semester: -

Pre-requisite: -

Practical Hours/Week: 1

THEORETICAL CONTENT - PRACTICAL CONTENT

General Objectives 1.0: Know how to handle different types of news events

Week 1-2: News Events

1. Distinguish between the different types of news events and their characteristics e.g., news about personalities, meetings, conferences, speeches, illness, deaths, disasters, police, crime, court, civil and criminal cases, appeals, elections, government (local, state, national, international, etc.).

2. Compare the problems of covering different events.

Teacher’s Outcome:

Explain different types of news and their hazards on the reporter.

Compare house styles.

Link research with News Reporting.

Specific Learning Outcome:

Observe different types of News Suits.

Show hazards of News reporting.

Compare house styles.

Link research with News Reporting.

Teacher’s Activities:

Assign students to base in and around campus to identify different News suits and bring forward.

Compare house styles.

Link research with News Reporting.

Resources (Theoretical/Practical):

Digital Audio Tapes

Digital Video Cameras

Reporter’s Notebook

Evaluation:

Explain different types of News

List hazards of News reporting

What is the technical News Copy?

Differentiate house styles

Link research with News Reporting

General Objective 2.0: Know the potential limitations of reporting

Week 3-4: Limitations

1. Identify the hazards of reporting.

Teacher’s Outcome:

Explain the hazards of reporting.

Specific Learning Outcome:

Illustrate the hazards of reporting.

Teacher’s Activities:

Guide students in identifying hazardous areas of reporting.

Resources

Field reporting, Internet

Evaluation:

Enumerate the hazards of reporting.

2. State the ethical and legal limitations.

3. Explain the legal limitations.

4. Explain the house style.

5. Use the house style.

Teacher’s Outcome:

Discuss the ethical and legal limitations.

Discuss the different house styles in operation.

Specific Learning Outcome:

See other ethical limitations from other sources.

Explore the legal limitations in the house style.

Teacher’s Activities:

Find out the limitations from other sources like the internet.

Explore the legal limitations in services.

Evaluation:

Explain ethical limitations and the legal limitation

General Objectives 3.0: Appreciate the Qualities of a Good News Copy

News Copy (Weeks 5-6)

3.1 Identify common faults in lead writing.

Examine common faults in lead writing.

List common faults in lead writing.

Read good news copies.

3.2 Define good news copy.

Enumerate the qualities of a good news copy.

Guide students to enumerate the qualities of a good news copy.

3.3 Enumerate the qualities of a good news copy.

Practice how to write a good news copy.

3.4 Explain how to write a good news copy.

Explain how to write a good news copy.

3.5 Write a good news copy.

Write a good news copy.

Resources:

Magazines, newspapers

Writing materials

Newsrooms

General Objectives 4.0: Understand the Role of Research in Reporting

Research (Weeks 7-8)

4.1 Define research.

Define research.

Explain the relationship between research and reporting.

4.2 Explain what research means in reporting.

Explain what research means in reporting.

4.3 State how research can be applied in reporting.

State how research can be applied in reporting.

4.4 Report a researched news item.

Report a researched news item.

Week 6.4 - 6.6

6.4 Write stories on illness, deaths, funerals, etc.

Write on ports and markets.

Re-write stories on illness, deaths, funerals, etc.

6.5 Write on fires, accidents, diseases, disasters, and crime.

Write stories on illness, deaths, funerals, etc.

Re-write stories on fires, accidents, disease, disasters, and crime.

6.6 Write on seasons, the weather, and other natural phenomena.

Write on fires, accidents, diseases, disasters, and crime.

Write on seasons, the weather, and other natural phenomena.

Re-write stories on seasons, the weather, and other natural phenomena

Week 13: General Objective 7.0 - Know how to write specialized types of reports

Specialized Type:

1. Write news stories on court proceedings, trials, and lawsuits.

Write news stories on court proceedings, trials, and lawsuits.

Visit a court and practice writing news stories on court proceedings, trials, and lawsuits.

Guide students' activities in court observations.

Resources: Films, TV, visits to courts, industries, etc.

Evaluation: Write news stories on court proceedings, trials, and lawsuits.

2. Write news stories on government and politics.

Write news stories on government and politics.

Watch government and political events for reporting practice.

3. Write news stories on business, industry, agriculture, and labor.

Write news stories on business, industry, agriculture, and labor.

Observe business, industry, and labor activities, then write reports based on observations.

Week 14: General Objective 8.0 - Know how to appreciate prose passages

Appraisal

1. Describe the organization of prose passages.

Explain the organization of prose passages.

2. Assess a writer’s treatment of his subject.

Analyze a writer’s style and treatment of his subject.

3. Analyze a writer’s style.

Study various prose styles in books and newspapers.

Week 6.4 - 6.

6.4 Write stories on illness, deaths, funerals, etc.

Write on ports and markets.

Re-write stories on illness, deaths, funerals, etc.

6.5 Write on fires, accidents, diseases, disasters, and crime.

Write stories on illness, deaths, funerals, etc.

Re-write stories on fires, accidents, disease, disasters, and crime.

6.6 Write on seasons, the weather, and other natural phenomena

Write on fires, accidents, diseases, disasters, and crime.

Write on seasons, the weather, and other natural phenomena.

Re-write stories on seasons, the weather, and other natural phenomena.

Week 13: General Objective 7.0 - Know how to write specialized types of reports

Specialized Type:

1. Write news stories on court proceedings, trials, and lawsuits

Write news stories on court proceedings, trials, and lawsuits.

Visit a court and practice writing news stories on court proceedings, trials, and lawsuits

Guide students' activities in court observations.

Resources: Films, TV, visits to courts, industries, etc.

Evaluation: Write news stories on court proceedings, trials, and lawsuits.

2. Write news stories on government and politics.

Write news stories on government and politics

Watch government and political events for reporting practice.

3. Write news stories on business, industry, agriculture, and labor.

Write news stories on business, industry, agriculture, and labor.

Observe business, industry, and labor activities, then write reports based on observations.

Week 14: General Objective 8.0 - Know how to appreciate prose passages

Appraisal:

1. Describe the organization of prose passages.

Explain the organization of prose passages.

2. Assess a writer’s treatment of his subject.

Analyze a writer’s style and treatment of his subject.

3. Analyze a writer’s style.

Study various prose styles in books and newspapers.

The course describes the role of effective communication in national development. How Development Communication can fosters development at all levels. Understanding the strategy of communicating developmental projects to the public to make it participatory.

This course is all about the use of digital tools and techniques to create, manipulate, and display visual content - such as images, animations, videos, and interactive elements - for dissemination through mass communication channels like television, film, radio, newspapers, magazines, and online media.

Introduction to Communication in English II

communication is an integral part of human existence. we communicate at home, work places, places of worship, school and in the market places. communication is part of what we do as humans. This course is therefore designed to help students to learn the modalities of communication, both oral and written. For instance, how to write the different types of letters. articles, and the use of extralinguistic elements of communication such as sign languages, body movements and facial expressions.

This course, Introduction to Programming (COM113), is designed to introduce students to the fundamentals of computer programming and the characteristics of a well-structured program.

Upon completing this course, you will be able to:

  • Explain the features of a good program and the concepts of algorithms and flowcharting.
  • Understand the principles of designing algorithms for common programming problems.
  • Explore general modular program design principles and detailed procedures for solving programming challenges.
  • Learn about different levels of programming languages and the concepts of debugging and program maintenance.
  • Gain insight into good programming practices and the fundamentals of object-oriented programming.

This course explores the study of society, human behavior, and social institutions. It introduces key sociological concepts, theories, and research methods while examining culture, socialization, stratification, and social change. Students will analyze how institutions like family, education, and government shape society. By the end of the course, students will be able to apply sociological perspectives to real-world issues and understand the dynamics of human interactions.

1. Introduction to Basic Design

Basic Design serves as the foundation for understanding visual communication, composition, and the principles of design. It is an introductory course designed to teach students the core concepts and elements that form the basis of all design works. This course emphasizes understanding visual relationships and creating balanced, harmonious compositions.

Learning Objectives:

  • Understand the fundamental elements of design.
  • Develop the ability to apply design principles effectively.
  • Create compositions that communicate visually and meaningfully.

 

2. Key Elements of Design

Design elements are the building blocks of any visual composition. They include:

  1. Line
    • A line is the most basic element of design, formed by a point moving in space. Lines can be straight, curved, thick, thin, solid, or broken, and they define shapes and create texture, depth, and movement.
    • Types of Lines:
      • Vertical, Horizontal, Diagonal, Curved
      • Implied, Actual, and Broken Lines
  2. Shape
    • Shapes are enclosed areas formed by lines. They can be geometric (circles, squares, triangles) or organic (irregular, freeform shapes).
    • Types of Shapes:
      • Geometric: Precisely defined (e.g., circles, squares).
      • Organic: Irregular or freeform shapes found in nature.
  3. Form
    • Form refers to the three-dimensional counterpart of shape. It has volume and mass and can be perceived in terms of depth, height, and width.
    • Forms include cubes, spheres, pyramids, and other 3D objects.
  4. Texture
    • Texture is the surface quality of a design or artwork, describing how something feels or looks as though it would feel. It can be actual (tactile) or visual (implied).
    • Types of Textures:
      • Actual: Felt with touch (e.g., fabric, wood).
      • Visual: Implied through painting or drawing (e.g., rough, smooth).
  5. Space
    • Space refers to the area in and around objects. It can be positive (occupied) or negative (empty), and it plays a significant role in creating depth, contrast, and composition.
    • Types of Space:
      • Positive: Occupied by design elements.
      • Negative: Empty areas that give balance and focus to the design.
  6. Color
    • Color is the most expressive element of design. It can convey emotion, set a mood, and create emphasis. Color theory includes the understanding of hues, values, and saturation.
    • Color Components:
      • Hue: The name of the color (e.g., red, blue).
      • Value: The lightness or darkness of a color.
      • Intensity: The brightness or dullness of a color.

 

3. Principles of Design

Principles of design are guidelines used to organize the elements into a harmonious and functional composition. These include:

  1. Balance
    • Balance refers to the distribution of visual weight in a design. It can be symmetrical, asymmetrical, or radial.
    • Types of Balance:
      • Symmetrical: Elements are arranged evenly around a central point.
      • Asymmetrical: Elements are arranged unevenly but still appear balanced.
      • Radial: Elements radiate from a central point.
  2. Contrast
    • Contrast is the difference between elements, such as light vs. dark, rough vs. smooth, or large vs. small. It helps create emphasis and makes designs more dynamic.
  3. Emphasis
    • Emphasis is the focal point of a design. It is where the viewer’s eye is naturally drawn. This can be achieved through contrast, color, size, or positioning.
  4. Rhythm
    • Rhythm refers to the repetition or alternation of elements to create movement and visual flow. It’s like the beat of a design, helping guide the viewer’s eye from one area to another.
  5. Unity
    • Unity is the harmony between elements that makes the design appear cohesive. It ensures that the design feels complete and is visually unified.
  6. Proportion
    • Proportion is the relationship between the sizes of different elements in a design. Correct proportion contributes to visual harmony.
  7. Variety
    • Variety involves using different elements to create interest and avoid monotony. It adds excitement while maintaining unity.

4. Composition in Design

Composition is the arrangement of visual elements within a design. It refers to how the elements are organized to create a meaningful and effective whole. Effective composition requires understanding of the following:

  • Rule of Thirds: Divide the design space into three equal horizontal and vertical parts. Place key elements along these lines or their intersections for visual balance.
  • Golden Ratio: A mathematical ratio that creates aesthetically pleasing proportions. It is often used in classical art and design.

 

5. Application of Basic Design Principles

  • In basic design, the ultimate goal is to develop compositions that are both visually appealing and functional. Students are encouraged to experiment with combinations of design elements and principles in various forms, such as drawings, paintings, posters, and digital works.
  • Understanding the basics of design will help you in more advanced studies in visual communication, graphic design, industrial design, and other fields of art and design.

 

6. Practical Exercises

  1. Line & Shape Exploration:
    • Create a series of abstract designs using only lines and geometric shapes. Experiment with thickness, orientation, and scale to create dynamic compositions.
  2. Color Experimentation:
    • Use primary and secondary colors to create a harmonious composition. Explore warm vs. cool colors and their impact on mood.
  3. Texture in Design:
    • Create a texture collage using different materials to emphasize the importance of texture in design.
  4. Balance & Emphasis:
    • Create a symmetrical and an asymmetrical composition, paying close attention to the visual weight distribution and focal points.

 

7. Conclusion

Basic Design is about more than just aesthetics. It’s about understanding how the elements and principles work together to communicate ideas visually. Mastering the basics will provide the foundation for more advanced work in any art or design discipline.

Recommended Reading:

  • "Design Basics" by David A. Lauer and Stephen Pentak
  • "The Elements of Design" by Gail Greet Hannah

 

 

This course is designed to equip students with the knowledge and skills necessary to navigate and thrive in today's dynamic business environment. This course delves into the foundational principles of entrepreneurship, emphasizing the creation, development, and management of innovative ventures.

Course Description: Introduction to Entrepreneurship

This course provides a foundational understanding of entrepreneurship, focusing on the essential skills, mindset, and strategies needed to start and manage a successful business. Students will explore key entrepreneurial concepts such as opportunity identification, business planning, innovation, risk management, and financial sustainability.

Through interactive discussions, case studies, and hands-on projects, learners will develop problem-solving abilities, creativity, and strategic thinking. The course also examines the role of entrepreneurship in economic development and highlights the challenges and opportunities faced by entrepreneurs in various industries.

By the end of the course, students will be equipped with the knowledge and confidence to develop a viable business idea, create a basic business plan, and understand the fundamentals of launching and sustaining a startup.

The course will enable student to get acquainted with the education and usefulness of education in the society vis-a-vis social interaction with the society.

1. Understand the chemistry of ethers
2. Know the chemistry of amines
3. Understand the chemistry of aromatic compounds
4. Understand some chemical reactions of benzene
5. Understand the mechanism of electrophilic and nucleophilic substitution in aromatic compounds
6. Understand the chemistry of phenol
7. Understand the chemistry of carbonyl substituted benzene
8. Understand the chemistry of benzoic acid
9. Understand the chemistry of benzoic acid derivatives
10 Understand the chemistry of benzamides and phthalic anhydride
11. Understand the chemistry of aniline
12. Understand the chemistry of diazonium compounds and azo-dyes

This summary provides a general overview of the topics and skills typically covered in a Geography 101 course. Key concepts typically covered in Geography 101.

Unit 1: Introduction to Geography
1. Definition of Geography: Study of the Earth's physical features, human populations, and the ways in which people interact with the environment.
2. Branches of Geography: Physical, human, and technical geography.
3. Geographic Tools: Maps, GPS, and geographic information systems (GIS).

Unit 2: Physical Geography
1. Earth's Physical Systems: Lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere.
2. Landforms and Processes: Mountains, valleys, plate tectonics, weathering, erosion, and deposition.
3. Water Resources: Oceans, rivers, lakes, and groundwater.
4. Climate and Weather: Atmospheric circulation, climate types, and weather patterns.

Unit 3: Human Geography
1. Population Geography: Population distribution, density, growth, and migration.
2. Cultural Geography: Language, religion, customs, and traditions.
3. Economic Geography: Agriculture, industry, services, and globalization.
4. Urban Geography: City development, urbanization, and urban planning.

Unit 4: Geographic Techniques and Applications
1. Map Analysis: Reading and interpreting maps.
2. GIS and Remote Sensing: Using geographic information systems and remote sensing technologies.
3. Geographic Research Methods: Conducting research and collecting data in geography.
4. Geography and Sustainability: Applying geographic concepts to environmental sustainability and social justice.

Key Concepts and Skills
1. Spatial Awareness: Understanding geographic relationships and spatial patterns.
2. Critical Thinking: Analyzing and interpreting geographic data and information.
3. Problem-Solving: Applying geographic concepts to real-world problems.
4. Communication: Effectively presenting geographic information and ideas.

TAX ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES

Tax accounting principles are the rules and guidelines that govern how individuals and businesses account for their tax obligations. It's a specialized area of accounting that focuses on compliance with tax laws and regulations, which can vary significantly from general financial accounting principles

Introduction to the Linux Operating System

Welcome to "Exploring the Linux Operating System" – an exciting journey into the world of open-source computing! Whether you're new to Linux or just curious about how it works, this course will help you understand its features, benefits, and how to navigate it like a pro.

Course Introduction

In today's digital world, knowing how to use Linux is a powerful skill. This course is designed to make learning Linux easy, fun, and practical. You don't need to be a tech expert – we'll guide you step by step. By the end of this course, you'll feel confident using Linux for everyday tasks, customizing your environment, and even exploring advanced features!

Who Is This Course For?

  • Beginners who want to explore Linux for the first time.

  • Students curious about how operating systems work.

  • Tech Enthusiasts eager to learn a powerful open-source system.

  • Professionals looking to expand their technical skills.

Why Study Linux with Us?

  • Simple Language: We break down complex ideas into simple terms.

  • Hands-On Practice: You'll learn by doing, not just reading.

  • Real-World Use: Apply your Linux knowledge to practical situations.

  • Fun and Engaging: Interactive tasks and challenges make learning exciting!

What is Linux?

Linux is a powerful and flexible operating system that powers everything from smartphones to supercomputers. Unlike other operating systems like Windows or macOS, Linux is open-source – meaning anyone can view, modify, and share its code. It is free to use, secure, and widely trusted for personal and professional computing.

Why Learn Linux?

  1. High Demand: Many companies use Linux for servers, cybersecurity, and development.

  2. Open-Source Freedom: No hidden costs – Linux is free to download and use.

  3. Customization: You can shape Linux to fit your needs.

  4. Security: It's known for strong security and privacy features.

  5. Community Support: Access a global network of developers and users ready to help.

What You'll Learn:

By the end of this course, you'll be able to:

  • Understand what Linux is and how it works.

  • Use the command-line interface (CLI) confidently.

  • Install and manage Linux on your computer.

  • Customize your Linux environment.

  • Explore different Linux distributions (flavors).

  • Perform basic troubleshooting and system maintenance.

Fun Fact About Linux

Did you know? Android – the operating system in most smartphones – is built on a version of Linux!

This course was created to introduce participants to mobile app development by Michael Sokunbi Computer Tech Dept 

This course introduces students to the basic principles and practices of advertising, including its role in business , society and culture. Students will be exposed to the advertising process ; from research and planning to execution and evaluation.

  1. Principle of reflection and refraction at plane surfaces. 
  2. Principle of reflection and refraction at curved surfaces.
  3. Working principles of optical instruments and human eyes.
  4. Basic concept of photometry Phenomenon of wave optics and sound waves.

This course covers the principles, materials, and functions of food packaging, focusing on food safety, preservation, and marketing. It explores packaging materials (plastic, paper, metal, glass), their properties, applications, and improvements.

Students will learn about packaging functions, hazards (chemical, physical, environmental), and factors affecting packaging choices. The course also examines innovations and regulations, preparing students for careers in food science and product development.

Food chemistry studies the chemical composition, properties, and interactions of food components, including carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals, water, and enzymes. It examines how these substances change during processing, storage, and digestion.

Key areas include:

  • Carbohydrates (energy source, texture)
  • Proteins (structure, enzymatic activity)
  • Lipids (flavor, energy storage)
  • Vitamins & Minerals (nutrition, preservation)
  • Water (texture, microbial growth)
  • Food Additives (enhance flavor, shelf-life)

Food chemistry helps improve food quality, safety, and preservation, playing a vital role in the food industry and nutrition science.

 

  1. Classification of organic compounds
  2. Bonding: reactions and application of aliphatic hydrocarbons
  3. Chemical properties, preparations and uses of monosubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbons 
  4. The general methods of petroleum refining

This course introduces the classification systems and evolutionary relationships of plants and animals. It explores their diversity, structure, reproduction, and ecological roles. Students will learn how to identify, classify, and understand the roles of these organisms in ecosystems.

THE COURSE IS TO INTRODUCE THE CONCEPT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP TO BEGINNERS.

Welcome!!!

the objectives Are

  • Familiarization with internet requirements 
  • Evaluation of Network Topology

Course Main Aim and Objective : The course is designed to enable students acquire the necessary communication skills, know the techniques of correspondence and comprehend written materials.

General Objectives : On Completion of this course, the student should :

  1. Understand the concept of Communication.
  2. Know how to make oral presentations.
  3. Know the essential elements of correspondence.
  4. Apply the rules of comprehension and interpretation.   

Defining Citizenship Education

Citizenship education is the process of instilling in citizens the acquisition of their rights, values, and the development of total knowledge, skill, and attitude toward the affairs of their states. Citizenship education focuses on developing a basic understanding of a nation’s political, social and economic structures. The goal is to help students become responsible, active and informed members of their communities.

A key part of citizenship education involves teaching students about civic responsibility, things like obeying laws, paying taxes, serving on juries and voting in elections. Students learn why these responsibilities are important for society to function.

In summary, citizenship education aims to cultivate civic-minded, patriotic and critically thinking students who can responsibly participate in and contribute to society. By teaching both knowledge and skills, it works to produce citizens invested in the success of their communities and nations.

 

Types of Citizenship Education

These are some types of citizenship education:

Formal Education

Formal citizenship education refers to the standard curriculum taught in schools. It includes classes on civics, government, and history. Students learn about democratic principles, political processes, and civic responsibilities. Course topics include how government institutions function, the constitution, and citizens’ rights and duties. This type of citizenship education aims to create informed and engaged citizens.

Informal Education

Informal citizenship education happens outside the standard curriculum. It includes learning from role models, media, community groups, and day-to-day experiences. Observing parents and teachers model civic behavior, discussing current events, and participating in community service projects are all examples of informal citizenship education. Although less structured, informal education plays an important role in shaping values and behaviors.

Non-formal Education

Non-formal citizenship education refers to organized activities outside the standard curriculum. It includes programs run by nonprofits, community groups, and government agencies. The goal is to educate citizens and promote civic engagement. Examples include mock trials, model United Nations, internship programs, and youth organizations like Boys & Girls Clubs or 4-H clubs. Non-formal education provides hands-on opportunities to develop citizenship skills.

In summary, the three types of citizenship education, formal, informal, and non-formal work together to prepare citizens to participate in and sustain a democratic society. By learning knowledge, skills, and values, people can become informed and engaged citizens who shape communities for the better.

 

What are the Examples of Citizenship Education?

These are some of the process of developing knowledge to become an active and responsible citizen:

Formal Education

The formal education system teaches students about citizenship through subjects like social studies, history, and civics. Students learn about democratic values, civic rights and responsibilities, governmental institutions, and political processes.

Community Service

Performing community service is a hands-on way for students to learn about citizenship. Activities like volunteering at a food bank, cleaning up a park, or tutoring other students teach kids about contributing to the common good and civic responsibility.

School Governance

Participating in student council, clubs, and school elections is an example of citizenship education. Students learn leadership skills and how to organize to improve their school. They see how democratic processes work firsthand by voting and campaigning.

Media Literacy

Developing media literacy, especially in the digital age, is crucial for citizenship. Students need to learn how to find reliable information, think critically about messages, and avoid manipulation. Media literacy teaches kids to make their own judgments instead of just accepting what they are told.

Debate and Discussion

Engaging in debate and discussion about current events and controversial issues is a key part of citizenship education. Students learn to form their own opinions, back them up with evidence, consider other perspectives, and find common ground. Respectful deliberation is essential for civic participation.

Mentorship and Role Models

Having mentors and role models in the community that demonstrate good citizenship is a powerful way for students to learn. Interacting with and emulating people who vote, volunteer, advocate for important causes, and work to improve society help motivate kids to become active and engaged citizens themselves.

Travel and Cultural Exposure

Traveling, especially to different countries and cultures, promotes citizenship by broadening students’ perspectives. Experiencing cultural diversity helps foster open-mindedness, empathy, and appreciation for civic values like tolerance and inclusiveness. Exchange programs for students are an ideal way to gain this type of experience.

 

Why is Citizenship Education Important in School?

So why is citizenship education so crucial? Here are nine key benefits:

Instills civic responsibility

Citizenship education teaches students about the rights and responsibilities that come with living in a democratic society. Students learn the importance of civic participation, like voting, jury duty and community service.

Promotes patriotism

Learning about a country’s history, values and institutions helps foster a sense of national pride and belonging in students. Students can appreciate the freedoms and opportunities available to them as citizens.

Teaches democratic values

Students discover the democratic principles of freedom, equality and human rights. They learn how these values shape society and government. Students can then apply these values to their own lives as citizens.

Develops critical thinking

Citizenship education encourages students to think critically about political and social issues. Students learn how to consider multiple perspectives, think logically about complex problems, and form their own evidence-based opinions.

Prepares students for adulthood

Gaining knowledge about citizenship, government and democracy prepares students for the responsibilities of adulthood. Students will understand their role as citizens and be ready to fully participate in society after graduating.

Promotes cultural diversity

Learning about citizenship helps students appreciate cultural diversity. Students discover how people from diverse backgrounds have shaped the country. They learn to respect differences and promote an inclusive society.

Strengthens communities

Engaged and informed citizens can strengthen their communities. Citizenship education inspires students to be active members of their community by volunteering, organizing local events or participating in community government.

Develops leadership abilities

Citizenship education helps students develop important leadership qualities like organization, communication and problem-solving skills. Students learn how individuals can influence change, which builds confidence in their ability to be leaders.

Fosters national identity

Citizenship education teaches students what it means to be part of a nation. Students develop a sense of shared identity, values and purpose with fellow citizens. This helps unite and strengthen the nation.

Teaching Citizenship Education in Schools

Schools are vital places where students learn citizenship education to become responsible and active citizens. Teachers have the important role of cultivating good citizens through teaching citizenship education.

Focus on Rights and Responsibilities

Teachers should teach students their rights as citizens but also their responsibilities to the community. For example, students have the right to free speech but the responsibility to use it judiciously without harming others. Teachers can organize debates or discussions on controversial issues to help students reflect on their rights and duties.

Promote Civic Participation

Teachers should provide opportunities for students to participate in the community. This could include organizing fundraising events, food drives, community service projects or inviting local leaders to speak. Students can learn democracy in action by organizing school elections or councils. All these help students become active and engaged citizens.

Develop Critical Thinking

Teachers should teach critical thinking skills such as forming logical arguments, identifying biases and logical fallacies. With strong critical thinking, students can make their own judgments on political and social issues. Teachers can get students to analyze media messages, speeches or propaganda to discern facts from opinions.

Discuss Moral Reasoning

Moral reasoning and ethics are also important in citizenship education. Teachers can pose hypothetical scenarios or case studies for students to discuss ethical issues like justice, equality or common good. Over time, these discussions help shape students’ moral compasses to make good judgments as citizens.

In summary, schools should provide a holistic citizenship education through promoting civic rights and duties, community participation, critical thinking and moral reasoning. With the guidance of teachers, students can develop into responsible, thinking citizens who contribute to the common good.

What is the Difference Between Citizenship and Citizenship Education?

Citizenship refers to the status of being a citizen and the rights and duties that come with it. As a citizen, you have certain rights like voting as well as responsibilities like following the law.

Citizenship education, on the other hand, refers to the process of developing the knowledge, skills, and values to become an active and responsible citizen. It teaches you about how society and government work, your role in the community, and how you can create positive change.

Citizenship is a legal concept, while citizenship education is focused on learning and personal development. Citizenship education aims to empower citizens with the ability to actively participate in society in an informed and responsible manner. It cultivates qualities such as open-mindedness, empathy, courage, and cooperation.

Through citizenship education, people gain a deeper understanding of issues affecting society and the skills to address them. It fosters civic responsibility and helps strengthen democratic values. While citizenship is a status, citizenship education is a journey. It’s a lifelong process of learning that shapes how we think, interact with others, and engage with the world around us.

In summary, citizenship refers to a legal status, whereas citizenship education refers to gaining knowledge and developing values to become an active citizen. One provides rights, the other provides purpose and direction. Together, they can empower citizens to shape a more just, equitable and sustainable future for all.

Implementing Effective Citizenship Education

An effective citizenship education program should cover several key areas:

  • Promoting civic participation. Teach students how to get involved in their communities through volunteering, activism, and voting. Explain how their voices and actions can lead to real change.
  • Fostering political literacy. Help students understand how the government works, current events, and controversial issues. Teach critical thinking skills so they can analyze political messages and form their own opinions.
  • Encouraging diversity and inclusion. Highlight the importance of living in a pluralistic society that respects diversity of thought, culture, and background. Promote empathy, open-mindedness, and cross-cultural understanding.
  • Developing moral reasoning. Discuss moral and ethical issues to help students determine right from wrong. Challenge them to consider how their actions might affect others and think about the greater good.
  • Teaching conflict resolution. Equip students with strategies to address disagreements in a constructive manner through open communication, compromise, and mediation. Show how to find common ground and mutually agreeable solutions.
  • Promoting digital citizenship. Guide students in using technology and social media responsibly by being safe, ethical, and civic-minded online. Warn against issues like online privacy, misinformation, cyberbullying, and internet addiction.
  • Fostering lifelong learning. Instill an ongoing passion for learning through participating in discussions, solving real-world problems, and questioning assumptions. Motivate students to continue educating themselves beyond the classroom.
  • Developing leadership abilities. Create opportunities for students to gain confidence, collaborate with others, communicate ideas, and organize teams or activities. Leadership skills apply to citizenship and life in general.

Citizenship education is essential for shaping active and engaged citizens. It gives students the knowledge, skills and values they need to participate fully in civic life and strengthen their communities. By fostering well-informed and responsible citizens, it helps safeguard democracy for future generations.

Conclusion

This is a quick overview of what citizenship education is all about. As you’ve seen, it’s a broad concept that aims to equip people with the knowledge, skills and values to be active and responsible citizens. Whether it’s through formal schooling or community initiatives, the goal is the same: to nurture citizens who care about and contribute to society. Hopefully this has given you some food for thought on the role of citizenship education, and why it matters now more than ever in our complex world. The next time you hear the term, you’ll have a good grasp of what it entails. And who knows, maybe you’ll even get inspired to get more civically engaged yourself! The power to shape our communities lies in all of our hands.

Defining Citizenship Education

Citizenship education is the process of instilling in citizens the acquisition of their rights, values, and the development of total knowledge, skill, and attitude toward the affairs of their states. Citizenship education focuses on developing a basic understanding of a nation’s political, social and economic structures. The goal is to help students become responsible, active and informed members of their communities.

A key part of citizenship education involves teaching students about civic responsibility, things like obeying laws, paying taxes, serving on juries and voting in elections. Students learn why these responsibilities are important for society to function.

In summary, citizenship education aims to cultivate civic-minded, patriotic and critically thinking students who can responsibly participate in and contribute to society. By teaching both knowledge and skills, it works to produce citizens invested in the success of their communities and nations.

 

Types of Citizenship Education

These are some types of citizenship education:

Formal Education

Formal citizenship education refers to the standard curriculum taught in schools. It includes classes on civics, government, and history. Students learn about democratic principles, political processes, and civic responsibilities. Course topics include how government institutions function, the constitution, and citizens’ rights and duties. This type of citizenship education aims to create informed and engaged citizens.

Informal Education

Informal citizenship education happens outside the standard curriculum. It includes learning from role models, media, community groups, and day-to-day experiences. Observing parents and teachers model civic behavior, discussing current events, and participating in community service projects are all examples of informal citizenship education. Although less structured, informal education plays an important role in shaping values and behaviors.

Non-formal Education

Non-formal citizenship education refers to organized activities outside the standard curriculum. It includes programs run by nonprofits, community groups, and government agencies. The goal is to educate citizens and promote civic engagement. Examples include mock trials, model United Nations, internship programs, and youth organizations like Boys & Girls Clubs or 4-H clubs. Non-formal education provides hands-on opportunities to develop citizenship skills.

In summary, the three types of citizenship education, formal, informal, and non-formal work together to prepare citizens to participate in and sustain a democratic society. By learning knowledge, skills, and values, people can become informed and engaged citizens who shape communities for the better.

 

What are the Examples of Citizenship Education?

These are some of the process of developing knowledge to become an active and responsible citizen:

Formal Education

The formal education system teaches students about citizenship through subjects like social studies, history, and civics. Students learn about democratic values, civic rights and responsibilities, governmental institutions, and political processes.

Community Service

Performing community service is a hands-on way for students to learn about citizenship. Activities like volunteering at a food bank, cleaning up a park, or tutoring other students teach kids about contributing to the common good and civic responsibility.

School Governance

Participating in student council, clubs, and school elections is an example of citizenship education. Students learn leadership skills and how to organize to improve their school. They see how democratic processes work firsthand by voting and campaigning.

Media Literacy

Developing media literacy, especially in the digital age, is crucial for citizenship. Students need to learn how to find reliable information, think critically about messages, and avoid manipulation. Media literacy teaches kids to make their own judgments instead of just accepting what they are told.

Debate and Discussion

Engaging in debate and discussion about current events and controversial issues is a key part of citizenship education. Students learn to form their own opinions, back them up with evidence, consider other perspectives, and find common ground. Respectful deliberation is essential for civic participation.

Mentorship and Role Models

Having mentors and role models in the community that demonstrate good citizenship is a powerful way for students to learn. Interacting with and emulating people who vote, volunteer, advocate for important causes, and work to improve society help motivate kids to become active and engaged citizens themselves.

Travel and Cultural Exposure

Traveling, especially to different countries and cultures, promotes citizenship by broadening students’ perspectives. Experiencing cultural diversity helps foster open-mindedness, empathy, and appreciation for civic values like tolerance and inclusiveness. Exchange programs for students are an ideal way to gain this type of experience.

 

Why is Citizenship Education Important in School?

So why is citizenship education so crucial? Here are nine key benefits:

Instills civic responsibility

Citizenship education teaches students about the rights and responsibilities that come with living in a democratic society. Students learn the importance of civic participation, like voting, jury duty and community service.

Promotes patriotism

Learning about a country’s history, values and institutions helps foster a sense of national pride and belonging in students. Students can appreciate the freedoms and opportunities available to them as citizens.

Teaches democratic values

Students discover the democratic principles of freedom, equality and human rights. They learn how these values shape society and government. Students can then apply these values to their own lives as citizens.

Develops critical thinking

Citizenship education encourages students to think critically about political and social issues. Students learn how to consider multiple perspectives, think logically about complex problems, and form their own evidence-based opinions.

Prepares students for adulthood

Gaining knowledge about citizenship, government and democracy prepares students for the responsibilities of adulthood. Students will understand their role as citizens and be ready to fully participate in society after graduating.

Promotes cultural diversity

Learning about citizenship helps students appreciate cultural diversity. Students discover how people from diverse backgrounds have shaped the country. They learn to respect differences and promote an inclusive society.

Strengthens communities

Engaged and informed citizens can strengthen their communities. Citizenship education inspires students to be active members of their community by volunteering, organizing local events or participating in community government.

Develops leadership abilities

Citizenship education helps students develop important leadership qualities like organization, communication and problem-solving skills. Students learn how individuals can influence change, which builds confidence in their ability to be leaders.

Fosters national identity

Citizenship education teaches students what it means to be part of a nation. Students develop a sense of shared identity, values and purpose with fellow citizens. This helps unite and strengthen the nation.

Teaching Citizenship Education in Schools

Schools are vital places where students learn citizenship education to become responsible and active citizens. Teachers have the important role of cultivating good citizens through teaching citizenship education.

Focus on Rights and Responsibilities

Teachers should teach students their rights as citizens but also their responsibilities to the community. For example, students have the right to free speech but the responsibility to use it judiciously without harming others. Teachers can organize debates or discussions on controversial issues to help students reflect on their rights and duties.

Promote Civic Participation

Teachers should provide opportunities for students to participate in the community. This could include organizing fundraising events, food drives, community service projects or inviting local leaders to speak. Students can learn democracy in action by organizing school elections or councils. All these help students become active and engaged citizens.

Develop Critical Thinking

Teachers should teach critical thinking skills such as forming logical arguments, identifying biases and logical fallacies. With strong critical thinking, students can make their own judgments on political and social issues. Teachers can get students to analyze media messages, speeches or propaganda to discern facts from opinions.

Discuss Moral Reasoning

Moral reasoning and ethics are also important in citizenship education. Teachers can pose hypothetical scenarios or case studies for students to discuss ethical issues like justice, equality or common good. Over time, these discussions help shape students’ moral compasses to make good judgments as citizens.

In summary, schools should provide a holistic citizenship education through promoting civic rights and duties, community participation, critical thinking and moral reasoning. With the guidance of teachers, students can develop into responsible, thinking citizens who contribute to the common good.

What is the Difference Between Citizenship and Citizenship Education?

Citizenship refers to the status of being a citizen and the rights and duties that come with it. As a citizen, you have certain rights like voting as well as responsibilities like following the law.

Citizenship education, on the other hand, refers to the process of developing the knowledge, skills, and values to become an active and responsible citizen. It teaches you about how society and government work, your role in the community, and how you can create positive change.

Citizenship is a legal concept, while citizenship education is focused on learning and personal development. Citizenship education aims to empower citizens with the ability to actively participate in society in an informed and responsible manner. It cultivates qualities such as open-mindedness, empathy, courage, and cooperation.

Through citizenship education, people gain a deeper understanding of issues affecting society and the skills to address them. It fosters civic responsibility and helps strengthen democratic values. While citizenship is a status, citizenship education is a journey. It’s a lifelong process of learning that shapes how we think, interact with others, and engage with the world around us.

In summary, citizenship refers to a legal status, whereas citizenship education refers to gaining knowledge and developing values to become an active citizen. One provides rights, the other provides purpose and direction. Together, they can empower citizens to shape a more just, equitable and sustainable future for all.

Implementing Effective Citizenship Education

An effective citizenship education program should cover several key areas:

  • Promoting civic participation. Teach students how to get involved in their communities through volunteering, activism, and voting. Explain how their voices and actions can lead to real change.
  • Fostering political literacy. Help students understand how the government works, current events, and controversial issues. Teach critical thinking skills so they can analyze political messages and form their own opinions.
  • Encouraging diversity and inclusion. Highlight the importance of living in a pluralistic society that respects diversity of thought, culture, and background. Promote empathy, open-mindedness, and cross-cultural understanding.
  • Developing moral reasoning. Discuss moral and ethical issues to help students determine right from wrong. Challenge them to consider how their actions might affect others and think about the greater good.
  • Teaching conflict resolution. Equip students with strategies to address disagreements in a constructive manner through open communication, compromise, and mediation. Show how to find common ground and mutually agreeable solutions.
  • Promoting digital citizenship. Guide students in using technology and social media responsibly by being safe, ethical, and civic-minded online. Warn against issues like online privacy, misinformation, cyberbullying, and internet addiction.
  • Fostering lifelong learning. Instill an ongoing passion for learning through participating in discussions, solving real-world problems, and questioning assumptions. Motivate students to continue educating themselves beyond the classroom.
  • Developing leadership abilities. Create opportunities for students to gain confidence, collaborate with others, communicate ideas, and organize teams or activities. Leadership skills apply to citizenship and life in general.

Citizenship education is essential for shaping active and engaged citizens. It gives students the knowledge, skills and values they need to participate fully in civic life and strengthen their communities. By fostering well-informed and responsible citizens, it helps safeguard democracy for future generations.

Conclusion

This is a quick overview of what citizenship education is all about. As you’ve seen, it’s a broad concept that aims to equip people with the knowledge, skills and values to be active and responsible citizens. Whether it’s through formal schooling or community initiatives, the goal is the same: to nurture citizens who care about and contribute to society. Hopefully this has given you some food for thought on the role of citizenship education, and why it matters now more than ever in our complex world. The next time you hear the term, you’ll have a good grasp of what it entails. And who knows, maybe you’ll even get inspired to get more civically engaged yourself! The power to shape our communities lies in all of our hands.

A "vacuum techniques" course provides a comprehensive understanding of the principles, operation, and applications of vacuum systems, covering the theory behind creating low-pressure environments, the various types of vacuum pumps, vacuum gauges, how to maintain vacuum systems for specific industrial and research applications. 

This course audits Statistical Computing Course for HND 2 Students 

 Teaching French to beginners is to:

1. Develop basic communication skills: Enable students to understand and communicate in everyday situations, using basic vocabulary and grammar.
2. Build confidence: Encourage students to feel comfortable and confident when speaking, listening, reading, and writing in French.
3. Lay the foundation for further learning: Provide a solid foundation for future language learning, enabling students to progress to more advanced levels.
4. Foster cultural awareness: Introduce students to French culture, customs, and traditions, promoting understanding and appreciation.
5. Prepare for practical applications: Equip students with the language skills necessary for travel, work, or study in France or other French-speaking countries.

Visual Basic 6.0 (VB6) is an event-driven programming language and integrated development environment (IDE) from Microsoft, released in 1998. It enables developers to create Windows applications with a graphical user interface (GUI) using a straightforward and visual approach. Here are some key features and characteristics:

  • Rapid Application Development (RAD): VB6 allows for quick development and prototyping of applications through its drag-and-drop interface for designing forms and controls.

  • Event-Driven Programming: The language is built around events, meaning that programs respond to user actions like clicks, key presses, or other interactions, making it intuitive for creating interactive applications.

  • Rich Set of Controls: VB6 comes with a wide range of built-in controls such as buttons, text boxes, list boxes, and data grids, which simplify the process of designing user interfaces.

  • Database Connectivity: It supports database access through technologies like DAO, ADO, and ODBC, making it easier to create data-driven applications.

  • ActiveX Support: VB6 can create ActiveX controls and components, allowing for reusable code and integration with other applications.

  • Legacy Support: Although VB6 has been largely succeeded by newer technologies like Visual Basic .NET, it remains in use for maintaining legacy systems and applications.

Overall, Visual Basic 6.0 is known for its ease of use, making it a popular choice for beginners and rapid application development in the Windows environment.

This course explores the principles and practices of public finance, focusing on government revenue generation, expenditure policies, and the economic impacts of fiscal decisions. Students will analyze budgetary processes, taxation systems, and public spending, while evaluating the role of government in economic stability and growth. Emphasis will be placed on real-world applications and contemporary issues in public finance.

                                    Course Outlines

1.Solution Chemistry

2. Colligative Properties

3. Electrochemistry

4. Thermodynamics

5. Chemical Kinetics

                                  Solution Chemistry

Ideal solution is the one in which the activity of each constituent is equal to its mole fraction under all constant pressure and temperature.

According to Raoult's law, total pressure equals mole fraction multiplied by individual constituents.

This course will enable the learners to create a relational database using Ms. Access. etc

Element of Banking provides an in-depth understanding of the banking industry, focusing on the functions and structures of various banking institutions. Students will explore key topics such as the role of banks in the economy, types of banking services, and regulatory frameworks. Additionally, the course covers the impact of central banks on monetary policy and current trends in digital banking and fintech. Through interactive discussions and practical examples, students will gain essential insights into the dynamics of the banking sector.

La Tour Eiffel Continuous deepening of French basics through civilization and grammar 

This course is designed to enable students to understand the impact of information and communication technologies
in the workplace, to identify the computer main components, to work efficiently on any windows environment using word
processing packages and to apply key health and safety principles in the accountancy office.

This course teaches some basic concepts that leads to the understanding of Yoruba history, language and culture.

The course will provide students with knowledge of the physical and chemical principles involved in separation techniques through understanding of the analytical processes involved. It also entails the basics to understanding the statistical analysis of experimental data. Further understanding of titrimetric analysis, and the principles and applications of gravimetric analysis are also discussed in details.

This course provides a foundational understanding of computer systems, their components, and their applications. Students will learn about the basic hardware elements, including the CPU, memory, and storage devices, as well as essential software concepts, such as operating systems and application programs. The curriculum covers fundamental computing skills, including file management, internet usage, and digital communication. Additionally, students will explore the impact of computers on society, data security, and emerging technologies. By the end of the course, participants will be equipped with the skills necessary to navigate and utilize computers effectively in both personal and professional contexts.

This is the course description

This beginner level course is designed to help you understand the basics of administering a Moodle site. You will explore the main administration settings, site admin presets, reports and basic file management, you will learn how to add courses and gain an insight into course editing, how to add teachers and learners to your Moodle site and courses and you will also explore site administration features such as themes, competencies, badges and plugins.

Our Educator learning pathway is for teachers and instructional designers. It takes you from your very first steps of teaching with Moodle to being prepared for entry to the Moodle Educator Certification program, where you can become certified as an expert Moodle Educator.

This course provides an introduction to the Moodle Learning Management System. Whether you are an Administrator, Educator or Developer, we recommend starting with this course for an overview of what Moodle can offer.